Yuav tsum tau rau Welded Backing Phaj los ntawm Standard
Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv steel, daim ntawv sib koom ua ke siv cov phaj rov qab yog ntau dua.Kev siv cov ntawv thaub qab tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem vuam hauv qhov chaw nruj thiab kaw thiab txo qhov nyuaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm vuam.Cov ntaub ntawv thaub qab phaj yog muab faib ua ob hom: steel thaub qab thiab ceramic thaub qab.Tau kawg, qee zaum, cov ntaub ntawv xws li flux yog siv los txhawb nqa.Kab lus no piav qhia txog cov teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum siv steel gaskets thiab ceramic gaskets.
National Standard - GB 50661
Clause 7.8.1 ntawm GB50661 qhia tias lub zog tawm ntawm lub phaj rov qab siv yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dua li lub zog nominal ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum tau welded, thiab weldability yuav tsum zoo ib yam.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias nqe lus 6.2.8 tau hais tias cov ntaub ntawv rov qab ntawm cov khoom sib txawv tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau ib leeg.(Steel liners thiab ceramic liners tsis hloov rau ib leeg).
European Standard - EN1090-2
Clause 7.5.9.2 ntawm EN1090-2 qhia tias thaum siv cov hlau thaub qab, cov pa roj carbon sib npaug yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.43%, lossis cov khoom siv nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws weldability raws li lub hauv paus hlau yuav tsum tau welded.
American Standard — AWS D 1.1
Cov hlau siv rau lub phaj rov qab yuav tsum yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau hauv Table 3.1 lossis Table 4.9, yog tias tsis nyob hauv daim ntawv teev npe, tshwj tsis yog tias cov hlau uas muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus lub zog ntawm 690Mpa yog siv los ua cov phaj nraub qaum uas yuav tsum tsuas yog siv rau vuam. ntawm cov hlau uas muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus tawm lub zog ntawm 690Mpa, yuav tsum yog cov hlau uas tau soj ntsuam.Cov kws ua haujlwm yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lub rooj txhawb nqa dav dav yuav hauv Suav teb yog Q235B.Yog tias cov khoom siv hauv paus thaum lub sij hawm ntsuam xyuas yog Q345B, thiab lub rooj txhawb nqa rov qab feem ntau yog hloov los ntawm cov hauv paus huv si, cov khoom siv ntawm lub rooj txhawb nqa yog Q235B thaum npaj WPS.Hauv qhov no, Q235B tsis tau raug tshuaj xyuas, yog li WPS no tsis ua raws li cov cai.
Kev txhais cov kev pab cuam ntawm EN tus qauv welder kuaj
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv steel tsim thiab welded raws li EN tus qauv yog nce, yog li ntawd qhov kev thov rau welders ntawm EN tus qauv yog nce.Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub tuam txhab tsim cov qauv hlau tsis yog tshwj xeeb rau kev them nqi ntawm EN welder test, uas ua rau muaj kev sim ntau dua.Muaj ntau qhov kev xeem tsis tau.Cov no yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua tiav ntawm qhov project, thiab thaum lub vuam yuav tsum tau welded nws pom tau tias tus welder tsis tsim nyog rau vuam.
Cov kab lus no luv luv qhia txog cov kev pab cuam ntawm kev kuaj welder, vam tias yuav coj kev pab rau txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm.
1. Welder Exam Exam Standards
a) Kev tuav thiab semi-automatic vuam: EN 9606-1 (Steel tsim)
Rau EN9606 series muab faib ua 5 ntu.1 - hlau 2 - txhuas 3 - tooj liab 4 - npib tsib xee 5 - zirconium
b) Tshuab vuam: EN 14732
Kev faib cov vuam hom hais txog ISO 857-1
2. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj
Rau cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub hauv paus hlau, tsis muaj kev cai meej nyob rau hauv tus qauv, tab sis muaj kev pab them nqi rau cov khoom siv welding.
Los ntawm ob lub rooj saum toj no, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv vuam thiab cov kev pab cuam ntawm txhua pab pawg tuaj yeem pom meej.
Electrode Vuam (111) Kev Pabcuam
Kev pab them nqi rau ntau hom hlau
3. Lub hauv paus hlau thickness thiab cov yeeb nkab txoj kab uas hla
Docking Specimen Coverage
Fillet Weld npog
Steel Pipe Txoj kab uas hla
4. Vuam txoj hauj lwm npog
Docking Specimen Coverage
Fillet Weld npog
5. Node Form Coverage
Lub welded backing phaj thiab lub hauv paus-tu weld tuaj yeem npog ib leeg, yog li txhawm rau txo qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov kev sim, qhov kev sim sib koom ua ke welded los ntawm cov phaj nraub qaum feem ntau xaiv.
6. Weld txheej npog
Multi-txheej welds tuaj yeem hloov ib txheej welds, tab sis tsis hloov pauv.
7. Lwm Cov Lus Cim
a) Butt welds thiab fillet welds tsis hloov pauv.
b) Lub pob tw pob tw tuaj yeem npog cov ceg yeeb nkab welds nrog lub kaum sab xis ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 60 °, thiab qhov kev pab cuam tsuas yog txwv rau cov ceg yeeb nkab
Sab nraud txoj kab uas hla yuav yeej, tab sis phab ntsa thickness yuav tsum tau txhais raws li qhov ntau ntawm phab ntsa thickness.
c) Cov kav hlau uas muaj lub taub sab nraud ntau dua 25 hli tuaj yeem npog nrog cov hlau phaj.
d) Daim hlau tuaj yeem npog cov kav hlau uas muaj txoj kab uas hla ntau dua 500mm.
e) Lub phaj tuaj yeem npog nrog cov kav hlau uas muaj txoj kab uas hla ntau dua 75 hli hauv qhov kev hloov pauv, tab sis txoj haujlwm vuam
Ntawm qhov chaw ntawm PA, PB, PC, PD.
8. Kev tshuaj xyuas
Rau cov tsos mob thiab kev soj ntsuam macro, nws raug kuaj raws li EN5817 B qib, tab sis tus lej yog 501, 502, 503, 504, 5214, raws li qib C.
duab
EN Standard Intersecting Line Vuam Requirements
Nyob rau hauv tej yaam num nrog ntau hom steel kav los yog square steels, vuam yuav tsum tau ntawm kev sib tshuam kab yog kuj siab.Vim tias yog tias tus qauv tsim yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau tag nrho, nws tsis yooj yim rau ntxiv ib lub phaj hauv cov yeeb nkab ncaj, thiab vim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov yeeb nkab steel, txoj kab sib tshuam tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav, ua rau kev kho ntawm phau ntawv. ua raws.Tsis tas li ntawd, lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov yeeb nkab tseem ceeb thiab cov ceg yeeb nkab yog qhov me me dhau, thiab cov hauv paus hniav tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus.
Rau peb qhov xwm txheej saum toj no, cov kev daws teeb meem hauv qab no raug pom zoo:
1) Tsis muaj cov phaj rov qab rau txoj kab sib tshuam, uas yog sib npaug rau tag nrho kev nkag mus ntawm qhov vuam ntawm ib sab.Nws raug nquahu kom welding ntawm 1 teev sawv ntxov thiab siv cov khoom siv roj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv rau vuam.Qhov sib txawv ntawm vuam yog 2-4 hli, uas tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog xyuas kom nkag mus, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv vuam los ntawm.
2) Cov kab sib tshuam tsis tsim nyog tom qab txiav.Qhov teeb meem no tsuas yog kho manually tom qab txiav tshuab.Yog tias tsim nyog, cov qauv ntawv tuaj yeem siv los pleev xim rau cov kab sib tshuam txiav kab rau sab nraud ntawm ceg yeeb nkab, thiab txiav ncaj qha los ntawm tes.
3) Qhov teeb meem uas lub kaum sab xis ntawm cov yeeb nkab tseem ceeb thiab cov ceg yeeb nkab me me dhau los ua welded tau piav qhia hauv Cov Ntawv Ntxiv E ntawm EN1090-2.Rau kev sib tshuam kab welds, nws muab faib ua 3 qhov chaw: ntiv taw, hloov chaw, hauv paus.Cov ntiv taw thiab qhov chaw hloov pauv tsis huv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov vuam tsis zoo, tsuas yog cov hauv paus hniav muaj tus mob no.Thaum qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub ntsiab yeeb nkab thiab ceg yeeb nkab yog tsawg tshaj li 60 °, lub hauv paus weld tuaj yeem yog ib qho fillet weld.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev faib cheeb tsam ntawm A, B, C, thiab D hauv daim duab tsis tau qhia meej meej hauv tus qauv.Nws raug nquahu kom piav qhia nws raws li daim duab hauv qab no:
Kev txiav cov txheej txheem thiab txheej txheem sib piv
Kev txiav cov txheej txheem feem ntau suav nrog nplaim taws txiav, txiav ntshav, laser txiav thiab txiav dej siab, thiab lwm yam. Txhua txoj kev muaj nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.Thaum ua cov khoom lag luam, cov txheej txheem txiav tsim nyog yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
1. Nplaim txiav: Tom qab preheating txiav ib feem ntawm lub workpiece mus rau combustion kub los ntawm lub tshav kub lub zog ntawm cov pa roj, ib tug high-ceev txiav oxygen txaus yog sprayed kom nws hlawv thiab tso cua sov rau txiav.
a) Qhov zoo: Lub thickness txiav yog loj, tus nqi qis, thiab qhov ua tau zoo muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws tom qab thickness tshaj 50 hli.Txoj kab nqes ntawm ntu yog me me (< 1 °), thiab tus nqi saib xyuas yog tsawg.
b) Qhov tsis zoo: kev ua haujlwm qis (ceev 80 ~ 1000mm / min hauv 100mm thickness), tsuas yog siv rau cov pa roj carbon tsawg, tsis tuaj yeem txiav cov pa roj carbon siab, stainless hlau, cam khwb cia hlau, thiab lwm yam., loj tshav kub cuam tshuam cheeb tsam, loj deformation ntawm tuab. daim hlau, ua haujlwm nyuaj loj.
2. Plasma txiav: ib txoj kev txiav los ntawm kev siv cov pa tawm los ua lub zog thermal ntawm plasma arc.Thaum lub arc thiab cov khoom kub hnyiab, cua sov yog tsim kom cov khoom tuaj yeem raug hlawv tas li los ntawm kev txiav cov pa oxygen thiab tawm los ntawm kev txiav cov pa tawm mus rau kev txiav.
a) Qhov zoo: Qhov kev txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv 6 ~ 20mm yog qhov siab tshaj plaws (ceev yog 1400 ~ 4000mm / min), thiab nws tuaj yeem txiav carbon hlau, stainless hlau, txhuas, thiab lwm yam.
b) Qhov tsis zoo: qhov kev txiav yog qhov dav, qhov chaw tshav kub cuam tshuam loj (txog 0.25mm), qhov deformation ntawm lub workpiece yog pom tseeb, qhov txiav qhia qhov sib tw loj thiab tig, thiab cov pa phem loj.
3. Laser txiav: Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem uas lub siab-hluav taws xob ntom nter cov nqaj yog siv rau cov cua kub hauv ib feem ntawm cov khoom kom ua tiav kev txiav.
a) Qhov zoo: nqaim txiav dav, siab precision (txog 0.01mm), zoo txiav nto roughness, ceev txiav ceev (tsim rau nyias daim ntawv txiav), thiab me me tshav kub cuam tshuam cheeb tsam.
b) Qhov tsis zoo: cov cuab yeej siv siab, tsim nyog rau nyias phaj txiav, tab sis qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov phaj tuab yog pom tseeb txo.
4. High-pressure water cutting: txheej txheem txheej txheem uas siv high-pressure dej ceev kom tiav txiav.
a) Qhov zoo: siab precision, tuaj yeem txiav txhua yam khoom, tsis muaj cua sov cuam tshuam, tsis muaj pa taws.
b) Qhov tsis zoo: tus nqi siab, kev ua haujlwm qis (ceev 150 ~ 300mm / min hauv 100mm thickness), tsuas yog tsim rau lub dav hlau txiav, tsis haum rau kev txiav peb sab.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla ntawm niam txiv ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws gasket thickness thiab qhov yuav tsum tau yog dab tsi?
Table 14-2 nyob rau hauv 13th tsab ntawm AISC Steel Tsev Phau Ntawv Qhia txog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj hauv cov khoom niam txiv.Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov lus teev nyob rau hauv Table 14-2 tso cai rau tej deviations ntawm lub bolts thaum lub sij hawm installation txheej txheem, thiab lub hauv paus hlau hloov yuav tsum tau ntau meej los yog cov kem yuav tsum tau muab ntsia precisely ntawm lub centerline.Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov nplaim taws txiav feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua los tswj cov qhov loj me no.Yuav tsum muaj lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws uas tsim nyog rau txhua tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj.Txij li cov qhov loj me no tau teev tseg raws li tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg, qhov ntau qhov me me tuaj yeem siv tau rau kev faib cov bolts kom raug.
AISC Design Guide 10, Low Rise Steel Frame Support Kem Installation seem, raws li kev paub dhau los, teev cov txiaj ntsig hauv qab no rau gasket thickness thiab loj: qhov tsawg kawg nkaus gasket thickness yuav tsum yog 1/3 ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub bolt, thiab yam tsawg kawg nkaus gasket txoj kab uas hla (los yog tsis yog lub voj voog ntev thiab dav) yuav tsum yog 25.4mm (1 in.) loj dua lub qhov taub.Thaum lub bolt xa cov nro, lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws yuav tsum loj txaus kom xa qhov nro mus rau hauv lub hauv paus hlau.Feem ntau, qhov tsim nyog gasket loj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws li qhov loj ntawm cov phaj steel.
Cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj puas tuaj yeem welded ncaj qha mus rau lub hauv paus hlau?
Yog hais tias cov khoom siv bolt yog weldable, nws tuaj yeem welded rau lub hauv paus hlau.Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lub thauj tog rau nkoj yog los muab qhov chaw ruaj khov rau sab kom ntseeg tau tias nws ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa.Tsis tas li ntawd, bolts yog siv los txuas statically loaded qauv los tiv thaiv kev txhawb zog.Vuam lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj rau lub hauv paus hlau tsis ua kom tiav ob qho tib si ntawm cov hom phiaj saum toj no, tab sis nws pab muab kev tawm tsam.
Vim tias qhov loj ntawm lub hauv paus hlau qhov loj dhau lawm, cov pas nrig thauj tog rau nkoj tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub hauv paus hlau qhov.Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug tuab phaj gasket (raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab) yog yuav tsum tau.Vuam lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj rau lub gasket muaj xws li cov tsos ntawm fillet weld, xws li qhov ntev ntawm lub weld sib npaug rau ib puag ncig ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj [π (3.14) lub sij hawm lub cheeb ntawm lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj], nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tus tsim kuj siv me ntsis.Tab sis nws raug tso cai rau welding threaded ib feem ntawm lub bolt.Yog tias muaj kev txhawb nqa ntau dua, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kab hauv qab tuaj yeem hloov pauv, coj mus rau hauv tus account "welded phaj" uas teev nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla ntawm niam txiv ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws gasket thickness thiab qhov yuav tsum tau yog dab tsi?
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm tack welding zoo
Hauv kev tsim cov qauv hlau, cov txheej txheem vuam, ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm tag nrho qhov project, tau txais kev saib xyuas zoo.Txawm li cas los xij, tack welding, raws li thawj qhov txuas ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam, feem ntau tsis quav ntsej los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab.Cov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog:
1) Qhov chaw vuam feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom sib dhos.Vim yog kev cob qhia kev txawj ntse thiab kev faib cov txheej txheem, ntau tus neeg xav tias nws tsis yog txheej txheem vuam.
2) Lub tack welding seam yog muab zais rau hauv qhov kawg welding seam, thiab ntau yam tsis xws luag yog npog, uas tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tau thaum lub sij hawm zaum kawg kev soj ntsuam ntawm vuam seam, uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov kawg kev soj ntsuam.
▲ ze rau qhov kawg (yuam kev)
Puas yog tack welds tseem ceeb?Nws cuam tshuam ntau npaum li cas rau txoj kev weld?Hauv kev tsim khoom, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom paub meej lub luag haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw welds: 1) Kho ntawm cov phaj phaj 2) Nws tuaj yeem nqa qhov hnyav ntawm nws cov khoom thaum thauj.
Cov qauv sib txawv xav tau tack welding:
Ua ke cov kev cai ntawm txhua tus qauv rau tack welding, peb tuaj yeem pom tias cov khoom siv vuam thiab vuam ntawm tack welding yog tib yam li cov qauv vuam, uas txaus kom pom qhov tseem ceeb.
▲ Tsawg kawg 20mm ntawm qhov kawg (yog)
Qhov ntev thiab qhov loj ntawm tack welding tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws li qhov tuab ntawm qhov thiab daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom, tshwj tsis yog tias muaj kev txwv nruj hauv tus qauv, tab sis qhov ntev thiab tuab ntawm tack vuam yuav tsum yog nruab nrab.Yog tias nws loj dhau, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev nyuaj ntawm cov welder thiab ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ua kom zoo.Rau fillet welds, ib qho loj heev tack weld loj yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov tsos ntawm qhov kawg weld, thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tshwm wavy.Yog tias nws me dhau lawm, nws yooj yim ua rau lub tack weld tawg thaum lub sij hawm hloov cov txheej txheem los yog thaum rov qab sab ntawm tack weld yog welded.Hauv qhov no, tack weld yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tag nrho.
▲ Tack welding tawg (yuam kev)
Rau qhov kawg weld uas yuav tsum tau UT los yog RT, qhov tsis xws luag ntawm tack welding tuaj yeem pom, tab sis rau cov welds los yog ib feem ntawm cov welds, welds uas tsis tas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag, qhov tsis xws luag ntawm tack welding yog "" Lub sij hawm foob pob. ”, uas zoo li yuav tawg txhua lub sijhawm, ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li tawg ntawm welds.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam yog dab tsi?
Muaj peb lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cua sov tom qab vuam: tshem tawm hydrogen, tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab vuam, txhim kho cov qauv vuam thiab kev ua haujlwm tag nrho.Kev kho tom qab vuam dehydrogenation yog hais txog kev kho cua sov uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim tom qab vuam tiav thiab qhov vuam tsis tau txias kom qis dua 100 ° C.Cov lus qhia dav dav yog kom sov rau 200 ~ 350 ℃ thiab khaws cia rau 2-6 teev.Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho tom qab vuam hydrogen tshem tawm yog txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau khiav tawm ntawm hydrogen nyob rau hauv qhov chaw vuam thiab tshav kub, uas yog qhov zoo heev rau kev tiv thaiv vuam tawg thaum vuam ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau.
Thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem, vim qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov cua sov thiab cua txias, thiab kev txwv lossis kev txwv sab nraud ntawm nws tus kheej, vuam kev ntxhov siab yuav ib txwm tsim nyob rau hauv cov khoom tom qab vuam ua tiav.Qhov muaj nyob ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab hauv cov khoom siv yuav txo tau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, ua rau cov yas deformation, thiab tseem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov khoom hauv qhov hnyav.
Kev ntxhov siab rau kev kho cua sov yog los txo cov yield zog ntawm welded workpiece ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev so lub vuam kev ntxhov siab.Muaj ob txoj hauv kev uas feem ntau siv: ib qho yog tag nrho cov kub kub tempering, uas yog, tag nrho cov vuam yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov cub cua sov, maj mam rhuab mus rau ib qho kub, ces cia rau ib lub sij hawm, thiab thaum kawg txias nyob rau hauv cov huab cua los yog. hauv qhov cub.Ua li no, 80% -90% ntawm vuam kev nyuaj siab tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm.Lwm txoj hauv kev yog qhov kub thiab txias hauv cheeb tsam, uas yog, tsuas yog cua sov lub vuam thiab nws cov cheeb tsam ib puag ncig, thiab tom qab ntawd maj mam txias, txo tus nqi siab tshaj ntawm vuam kev ntxhov siab, ua rau cov kev ntxhov siab sib faib ncaj, thiab ib nrab tshem tawm cov kev ntxhov siab welding.
Tom qab qee cov ntaub ntawv hlau alloy yog welded, lawv cov pob qij txha welded yuav muaj cov qauv tawv, uas yuav ua rau cov khoom siv tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom siv.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov qauv hardened no tuaj yeem ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev sib koom ua ke nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm vuam kev nyuaj siab thiab hydrogen.Tom qab kev kho cua sov, cov qauv metallographic ntawm kev sib koom ua ke tau zoo dua qub, cov yas thiab cov tawv tawv ntawm cov welded sib koom ua ke tau zoo dua qub, thiab cov khoom siv dav dav ntawm cov welded sib koom tau txhim kho.
Puas yog arc puas thiab cov welds ib ntus melted rau hauv cov welds mus tas li yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm?
Nyob rau hauv cov qauv loaded statically, arcing puas tsuaj tsis tas yuav raug tshem tawm tshwj tsis yog tias cov ntaub ntawv cog lus tau hais kom lawv tshem tawm.Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov qauv dynamic, arcing tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau, uas yuav ua rau lub zog ntawm cov qauv dynamic, yog li qhov saum npoo ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum yog hauv av tiaj tus thiab cov kab nrib pleb ntawm cov qauv yuav tsum tau kuaj pom.Yog xav paub ntxiv txog qhov kev sib tham no, thov mus saib Tshooj 5.29 ntawm AWS D1.1:2015.
Feem ntau, cov pob qij txha ib ntus ntawm tack welds tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov welds mus tas li.Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv statically loaded lug, nws yog tso cai rau khaws cov tack welds uas tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog tshwj tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv cog lus tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.Nyob rau hauv dynamically loaded qauv, ib ntus tack welds yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.Yog xav paub ntxiv txog qhov kev sib tham no, thov mus saib Tshooj 5.18 ntawm AWS D1.1:2015.
[1] Statically loaded structures yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm daim ntawv thov qeeb heev thiab kev txav mus los, uas muaj ntau hauv cov tsev
[2] Dynamically loaded qauv hais txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thov thiab / los yog txav ntawm ib qho kev ceev, uas tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog qhov zoo li qub thiab yuav tsum tau xav txog kev qaug zog ntawm cov hlau, uas feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov qauv choj thiab crane ntsia.
Kev ceev faj rau lub caij ntuj no welding preheating
Lub caij ntuj no txias tau los, thiab nws tseem tso siab rau cov kev xav tau ntau dua rau kev vuam preheating.Qhov kub ntawm preheat feem ntau yog ntsuas ua ntej soldering, thiab tswj qhov ntsuas qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thaum lub sij hawm soldering yog feem ntau overlooked.Thaum lub caij ntuj no, qhov txias txias ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke yog ceev ceev.Yog tias qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov tsawg kawg nkaus hauv cov txheej txheem vuam yog tsis quav ntsej, nws yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj heev rau qhov vuam zoo.
Cov kab nrib pleb txias yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws thiab qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws ntawm cov vuam tsis xws hauv lub caij ntuj no.Peb lub ntsiab tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov kab nrib pleb txias yog: cov khoom siv tawv (cov hlau hauv paus), hydrogen, thiab qib ntawm kev txwv.Rau cov qauv steel, yog vim li cas rau hardening ntawm cov khoom yog tias qhov txias txias yog ceev heev, yog li ua kom lub preheating kub thiab tswj qhov kub ntawm no yuav daws tau qhov teeb meem no zoo.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no kev tsim kho, qhov kub ntawm preheating yog 20 ℃ -50 ℃ siab tshaj qhov pa kub.Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau qhov preheating ntawm qhov chaw vuam ntawm cov phaj tuab yog me ntsis siab dua li ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam.Rau electroslag welding, submerged arc vuam thiab lwm yam khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua tuaj yeem ua tau zoo ib yam li cov pa cua sov ua ntej.Rau cov khoom siv ntev (feem ntau loj dua 10m), nws tsis pom zoo kom tshem tawm cov khoom siv cua sov (lub raj cua sov lossis cov ntawv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob) thaum lub vuam txheej txheem los tiv thaiv qhov xwm txheej ntawm "ib kawg yog kub thiab qhov kawg yog txias".Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm sab nraum zoov, tom qab welding tiav, kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev ntsuas cua txias yuav tsum tau coj mus rau qhov chaw vuam.
Vuam preheat tubes (rau cov tswv cuab ntev)
Nws raug nquahu kom siv cov khoom siv qis-hydrogen welding hauv lub caij ntuj no.Raws li AWS, EN thiab lwm yam qauv, lub preheating kub ntawm low-hydrogen welding consumables yuav ua tau qis dua li ntawm cov khoom siv welding.Them mloog mus rau lub formulation ntawm welding sequence.Qhov tsim nyog vuam ib ntus tuaj yeem txo qhov vuam txwv.Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li tus kws tshaj lij vuam, nws tseem yog lub luag haujlwm thiab lub luag haujlwm los tshuaj xyuas cov vuam sib txuas hauv cov duab kos uas yuav ua rau muaj kev txwv zoo, thiab koom tes nrog tus tsim qauv los hloov daim ntawv sib koom ua ke.
Tom qab soldering, thaum twg yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm cov ntaub qhwv thiab pinout daim hlau?
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau qhov geometrical kev ncaj ncees ntawm kev sib koom ua ke, tom qab ua tiav ntawm vuam, cov hlau lead-tawm phaj ntawm ntug ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum raug txiav tawm.Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau lead-tawm phaj yog los xyuas kom meej qhov loj me ntawm cov vuam txij thaum pib mus rau qhov kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam;tab sis cov txheej txheem saum toj no yuav tsum tau ua raws.Raws li tau teev tseg hauv Tshooj 5.10 thiab 5.30 ntawm AWS D1.1 2015. Thaum nws tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov cuab yeej siv vuam xws li cov ntaub qhwv los yog cov hlau lead-tawm daim hlau, kev kho cov vuam saum npoo yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj ntawm kev npaj ua ntej vuam.
Xyoo 1994 North Ridge Av qeeg ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm "nqaj-kem-section steel" welded kev sib txuas qauv, kos xim thiab sib tham txog vuam thiab seismic cov ntsiab lus, thiab raws li cov txheej txheem tshiab tau tsim.Cov kev cai ntawm av qeeg nyob rau hauv 2010 tsab ntawm AISC tus qauv thiab cov khoom ntxiv No.1 suav nrog cov kev cai meej hauv qhov no, uas yog, thaum twg seismic engineering tej yaam num koom nrog, cov vuam pads thiab cov hlau lead-tawm daim hlau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tom qab vuam. .Muaj ib qho kev zam, txawm li cas los xij, qhov twg qhov kev ua tau zoo khaws cia los ntawm cov khoom kuaj sim tseem ua pov thawj pom tau los ntawm kev tuav lwm yam tshaj li saum toj no.
Txhim kho Kev Txiav Txim Siab - Kev txiav txim siab hauv Programming thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Txheej Txheem
Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb los txhim kho kev txiav cov khoom zoo.Muaj ntau yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev txiav, nrog rau kev txiav tsis, hom thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov roj siv, kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm rhiav, thiab kev nkag siab ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tshuab txiav.
(1) Qhov tseeb siv AutoCAD los kos cov duab ib feem yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej rau qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom txiav;nesting typesetting neeg ua hauj lwm compile CNC txiav ib feem cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv nruj raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm ib feem drawings, thiab tsim nyog ntsuas yuav tsum tau coj thaum lub programming ib co flange splicing thiab slender qhov chaw: Mos nyiaj, txheej txheem tshwj xeeb (co-ntug, nruam txiav), thiab lwm yam., los xyuas kom meej tias qhov luaj li cas ntawm qhov chaw tom qab txiav dhau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas.
(2) Thaum txiav cov khoom loj, vim hais tias lub hauv nruab nrab kem (conical, cylindrical, web, npog) nyob rau hauv lub puag ncig pawg yog qhov loj, nws raug pom zoo tias cov programmers ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb thaum lub sijhawm programming, micro-kev sib txuas (nce breakpoints), uas yog , teeb tsa qhov sib thooj ib ntus tsis-txiav taw tes (5mm) ntawm tib sab ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau txiav.Cov ntsiab lus no txuas nrog lub phaj hlau thaum lub sij hawm txiav, thiab cov khoom raug tuav kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob tawg thiab shrinkage deformation.Tom qab lwm qhov raug txiav, cov ntsiab lus no raug txiav kom ntseeg tau tias qhov loj ntawm qhov txiav tsis yooj yim deformed.
Txhim kho cov txheej txheem tswj kev txiav cov khoom yog tus yuam sij rau kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom txiav.Tom qab ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam, cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev txiav zoo yog raws li nram no: tus neeg teb xov tooj, xaiv ntawm txiav nozzles, kev kho qhov kev ncua deb ntawm txiav nozzles thiab workpieces, thiab kev kho ntawm txiav ceev, thiab perpendicularity ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub workpiece. steel phaj thiab txiav nozzle.
(1) Thaum ua haujlwm CNC txiav tshuab txiav cov khoom, tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum txiav cov khoom raws li cov txheej txheem blanking, thiab tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum muaj kev paub txog tus kheej thiab muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm qhov tsim nyog thiab tsis tsim nyog rau thawj zaug. ib feem txiav los ntawm nws tus kheej, yog tias tsis tsim nyog Kho thiab kho raws sijhawm;tom qab ntawd xa mus rau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo, thiab kos npe rau thawj daim pib tsim nyog tom qab dhau qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas;tsuas yog tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem loj ntau lawm ntawm cov khoom txiav.
(2) Cov qauv ntawm cov txiav nozzle thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov txiav nozzle thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm yog txhua tus tsim nyog xaiv raws li qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom txiav.Qhov loj dua cov qauv txiav nozzle, qhov tuab ntawm cov phaj steel feem ntau txiav;thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov txiav nozzle thiab steel phaj yuav raug cuam tshuam yog tias nws nyob deb dhau los yog ze dhau: deb dhau yuav ua rau thaj chaw cua sov loj dhau, thiab tseem ua rau cov thermal deformation ntawm qhov chaw;Yog tias nws me dhau lawm, qhov txiav nozzle yuav raug thaiv, uas ua rau cov khoom siv khib nyiab pov tseg;thiab txiav ceev kuj yuav raug txo, thiab cov efficiency ntau lawm kuj yuav raug txo.
(3) Kev hloov ntawm kev txiav ceev yog cuam tshuam nrog lub thickness ntawm lub workpiece thiab xaiv txiav nozzle.Feem ntau, nws qeeb nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov tuab.Yog tias qhov txiav ceev nrawm dhau los yog qeeb dhau, nws yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov txiav qhov chaw nres nkoj;ib tug tsim nyog txiav ceev yuav tsim ib tug tsis tu ncua popping suab thaum lub slag ntws, thiab lub slag qhov hluav taws xob thiab lub txiav nozzle yog yeej nyob rau hauv ib tug kab;ib tug tsim nyog txiav ceev Nws kuj tseem yuav txhim kho cov kev txiav ntau lawm, raws li qhia nyob rau hauv Table 1.
(4) Lub perpendicularity ntawm lub txiav nozzle thiab nto ntawm steel phaj ntawm lub txiav platform, yog hais tias tus txiav nozzle thiab nto ntawm steel phaj tsis perpendicular, yuav ua rau ib feem ntawm qhov inclined, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis sib xws. qhov loj ntawm lub sab sauv thiab sab qis ntawm ib feem, thiab qhov tseeb tsis tuaj yeem lav.Kev xwm txheej;tus neeg teb xov tooj yuav tsum xyuas qhov permeability ntawm lub txiav nozzle nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ua ntej txiav.Yog tias nws raug thaiv, cov cua ntws yuav inclined, ua rau cov txiav nozzle thiab qhov saum npoo ntawm cov phaj hlau txiav tsis yog perpendicular, thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov txiav yuav tsis raug.Raws li tus neeg teb xov tooj, lub tshuab txiav thiab txiav nozzle yuav tsum tau hloov kho thiab ntsuas ua ntej txiav kom paub meej tias lub tshuab txiav thiab txiav nozzle yog perpendicular mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau phaj ntawm lub tshuab txiav.
CNC txiav tshuab yog ib qho kev pabcuam digital uas tsav lub zog ntawm lub tshuab cuab yeej.Thaum lub tshuab cuab yeej txav mus, cov cuab yeej siv nruab nrab txiav txiav cov khoom;yog li cov txheej txheem programming ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov phaj steel plays qhov kev txiav txim siab hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom txiav.
(1) Kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem ua zes yog ua raws li qhov ua kom zoo tshaj plaws nesting daim duab, uas yog hloov los ntawm lub zes mus rau lub xeev txiav.Los ntawm kev teeb tsa cov txheej txheem, cov kev taw qhia contour, qhov pib ntawm lub puab thiab sab nrauv contours, thiab cov kab hlau lead-hauv thiab cov hlau lead-tawm raug kho.Txhawm rau ua tiav txoj kev luv tshaj plaws, txo cov thermal deformation thaum txiav, thiab txhim kho kev txiav zoo.
(2) Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws yog ua raws li cov qauv ntawm ib feem ntawm daim duab kos duab, thiab tsim cov kev txiav kom tau raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag los ntawm kev ua haujlwm "kev piav qhia", xws li kev tiv thaiv deformation micro-joint txiav, ntau -part nruam txiav, choj txiav, thiab lwm yam., Los ntawm optimization, txiav efficiency thiab zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho zoo dua.
(3) Kev xaiv tsim nyog ntawm cov txheej txheem tsis tseem ceeb kuj tseem ceeb heev.Xaiv qhov sib txawv txiav tsis sib txawv rau cov phaj thicknesses sib txawv: xws li xaiv cov hlau lead-hauv kab, xaiv cov kab hlau lead-tawm, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov chaw, qhov deb ntawm cov npoo ntawm lub phaj thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov qhib qhib.Table 2 yog txiav tsis tau rau txhua phaj thickness.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm welding shielding gas
Los ntawm kev pom kev, tsuas yog los ntawm kev hloov cov roj thaiv kev sib xyaw ua ke, 5 yam tseem ceeb hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm cov txheej txheem vuam:
(1) Txhim kho qhov vuam hlau deposition tus nqi
Argon-enriched roj sib tov feem ntau ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua li cov pa roj carbon dioxide ntshiab.Argon cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tshaj 85% kom ua tiav dav hlau hloov.Ntawm chav kawm, nce lub vuam hlau deposition tus nqi yuav tsum tau xaiv qhov tsim nyog welding tsis.Cov nyhuv vuam feem ntau yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam tsis muaj.Kev xaiv tsis tsim nyog ntawm cov vuam tsis zoo feem ntau yuav txo qhov kev ua haujlwm vuam thiab ua kom cov slag tshem tawm ua haujlwm tom qab vuam.
(2) Tswj spatter thiab txo slag tu tom qab vuam
Qhov tsawg ionization muaj peev xwm ntawm argon nce arc stability nrog ib qho kev txo qis hauv spatter.Tsis ntev los no cov thev naus laus zis tshiab hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob vuam tau tswj hwm kev sib tsoo hauv CO2 vuam, thiab nyob rau hauv tib lub sijhawm, yog siv cov roj sib tov, spatter tuaj yeem txo qis ntxiv thiab qhov vuam qhov ntsuas qhov rai tuaj yeem nthuav dav.
(3) Tswj vuam tsim thiab txo cov vuam ntau dhau
CO2 welds zoo li protrude sab nraud, ua rau overwelding thiab nce nqi vuam.Cov roj sib tov ntawm argon yog ib qho yooj yim los tswj cov txheej txheem vuam thiab zam cov khib nyiab ntawm vuam hlau.
(4) Ua kom qhov vuam ceev
Los ntawm kev siv argon-nplua nuj roj sib tov, spatter tseem tswj tau zoo heev txawm tias muaj zog vuam tam sim no.Qhov kom zoo dua qhov no coj yog kev nce hauv vuam ceev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev siv vuam tsis siv neeg, uas zoo heev txhim kho kev tsim khoom.
(5) Tswj vuam fume
Nyob rau hauv tib qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, qhov sib xyaw argon-nplua nuj heev txo cov pa taws piv rau cov pa roj carbon dioxide.Piv nrog rau kev nqis peev hauv cov cuab yeej kho vajtse los txhim kho qhov chaw ua haujlwm vuam, kev siv cov roj sib xyaw argon-nplua nuj yog qhov ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev txo cov paug ntawm qhov chaw.
Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam, argon roj sib tov tau siv dav, tab sis vim yog vim li cas tsiaj txhu, feem ntau cov lag luam hauv tsev siv 80% Ar + 20% CO2.Hauv ntau daim ntawv thov, cov roj thaiv no tsis ua haujlwm zoo.Yog li ntawd, xaiv cov roj zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los txhim kho cov khoom tswj qib rau kev lag luam vuam ntawm txoj hauv kev rau pem hauv ntej.Cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev xaiv cov roj tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog ua kom tau raws li qhov tseeb vuam xav tau rau qhov loj tshaj plaws.Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pa roj kom zoo yog qhov chaw ua haujlwm kom ntseeg tau tias vuam zoo, qhov loj dhau los yog qhov tsawg dhau los tsis zoo rau vuam.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-07-2022